Welcome back to VF, midnightpulp

My personal recommendations for someone who has just started committing themselves to learning VF:
1) Mess around with the movelist, get a sense of your character's arsenal.
2) Get very comfortable with the basic attacks: P(G), elbow, low punch, sidekick, all of your character's throws, sweep if your character has any. These basic attacks are likely to give you the most mileage out of any character. When you throw, use the most damaging throw (as long as it's easy for you to use).
3) For a little while, use PK (and any added options out of this your character might have) whenever you block a "big attack." This is your first step towards building a habit of guaranteed attacks. In time, you'll learn the best options, but keep it simple at first and go with PK. You'll eventually maximize those guaranteed opportunities.
4) Learn the easy to do, but high damage combos with your character. This will teach you to maximize your damage better, and you'll be wanting to learn how to setup these combos in battle (it isn't easy).
5) Remember that failure implies that you should defend, success implies that you should attack. It's not always true, but in most cases it is. If you fail to attack or defend, you should then defend. If you succeed in attacking or defending, you should then attack. And don't forget that while defend does imply blocking, it also includes creating space as well as other options.
Again, just my personal recommendation, but I believe that with the above, you will build a decent foundation. And of course, you will build further upon that too.
I wouldn't worry too much about frame data yet. Frames are nice, I'm certainly hooked on them, but in the end they are just a tool to help us interpret what happens in VF. They're a sort of language for theoretical talk of VF, but the context is of frame data is limited. Framedata implies a lot of things and generally does not account for distance, walls, and other factors.
By all means, get to understand what the framedata means and how it should be interpretted, but experience with the game and practice are the biggest factors in improving your VF.
Just keep in mind that there are a lot of amazing players (in Japan) who don't know the frame data much, but they have great experience, execution, adaptability, and "feel" on their side.
Hope to see you around at a gathering or tournament or so ^_^ Again, welcome back to VF.
-Chanchai